![]() ![]() Alexander John Ellis, in his Palaeotype alphabet, used it for the similar English sound in but / b ʌ t/. The symbol ⟨ə⟩ was used first by Johann Andreas Schmeller for the reduced vowel at the end of the German language term Gabe. It was first used in English texts in the early 1890s. The term schwa was introduced by German linguists in the 19th century from the Hebrew shva ( שְׁוָא IPA:, classical pronunciation: shəwāʼ ), the name of the niqqud sign used to indicate the phoneme. In phonology, syncope is the process of deleting unstressed sounds, particularly unstressed vowels such as schwa. Across languages, schwa vowels are commonly deleted in some instances such as in Hindi, North American English, French and Modern Hebrew. Sometimes, the term schwa can be used for any epenthetic vowel. In Albanian, Romanian, Slovene, Balearic Catalan, Mandarin and Afrikaans, schwa can occur in stressed or unstressed syllables.Ī similar sound is the short French unaccented ⟨e⟩, which is rounded and less central, more like an open-mid or close-mid front rounded vowel. In English, /ə/ is traditionally treated as a weak vowel that may occur only in unstressed syllables, but in accents with the STRUT– COMMA merger, such as Welsh English, some higher-prestige Northern England English, and some General American, it is merged with /ʌ/ and so /ə/ may then be considered to occur in stressed syllables. The name schwa and the symbol ⟨ ə⟩ may be used for some other unstressed and toneless neutral vowel, not necessarily mid central, as it is often used to represent reduced vowels in general. In English and some other languages, it usually represents the mid central vowel sound (rounded or unrounded), produced when the lips, tongue, and jaw are completely relaxed, such as the vowel sound of the ⟨ a⟩ in the English word about. ![]() ![]() In linguistics, specifically phonetics and phonology, schwa ( / ʃ w ɑː/, rarely / ʃ w ɔː/ or / ʃ v ɑː/ sometimes spelled shwa) is a vowel sound denoted by the IPA symbol ⟨ ə⟩, placed in the central position of the vowel chart.
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